Nur Jahan
Explanation
In the Mughal Empire, the striking of coins (Sikka) and the reading of the Khutba were the two primary symbols of sovereignty. While these privileges were almost exclusively reserved for the Emperor, there was a unique exception during the reign of Jahangir involving his powerful consort, Nur Jahan.Detailed Analysis
- Nur Jahan (Correct): She was the twentieth and most beloved wife of Emperor Jahangir. Due to Jahangir’s ill health and addiction to opium and alcohol, Nur Jahan became the de facto ruler of the empire. She holds the unique distinction of being the only Mughal empress to have coins struck in her name. Coins issued during this period bore the legend: "By the order of the Emperor Jahangir, gold has a hundred splendours added to it by receiving the name of Nur Jahan, the Queen Begum." She also issued royal orders (farmans) under her own seal.
- Mumtaz Mahal (Incorrect): While she was the chief consort of Shah Jahan and the inspiration for the Taj Mahal, she did not exercise political sovereignty to the extent of having coins struck in her name.
- Hamida Banu Begum (Incorrect): She was the wife of Humayun and mother of Akbar. She held the title of Mariam-makani but did not have sovereign rights like coinage.
- Jahanara (Incorrect): She was the daughter of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal. Although she was the First Lady (Padshah Begum) of the empire after her mother's death and wielded significant influence, coins were not struck in her name.
Key Takeaway: Nur Jahan is the only Mughal empress whose name appeared on the imperial coinage, symbolizing her unprecedented political authority and status as a co-sovereign during Jahangir's reign.