Correct Option
The correct option is The introduction of Universal Suffrage.
Explanation
The Constituent Assembly of India engaged in rigorous debates over most provisions of the Constitution, ranging from the federal structure to fundamental rights. However, certain core democratic principles were accepted with unanimity, reflecting the consensus evolved during the freedom struggle.
Option Analysis
- The introduction of Universal Suffrage: Correct. The introduction of Universal Adult Franchise (Article 326) was adopted by the Constituent Assembly with virtually no debate. As noted by constitutional historian Granville Austin, the Assembly adopted this principle with "an abundance of faith and a want of debate." It was seen as a fundamental pillar of the new democratic republic, ensuring that every citizen above a certain age (originally 21, later reduced to 18) had the right to vote without discrimination.
- The Fundamental Rights: Incorrect. The Fundamental Rights were debated extensively. Issues such as the right to property, the scope of preventive detention, and the balance between individual liberty and state security (e.g., "due process of law" vs. "procedure established by law") witnessed prolonged discussions.
- The Parliamentary form of government: Incorrect. The Parliamentary form of government was debated. While the Drafting Committee favored it, there were members who advocated for a Presidential system or a Gandhian constitution based on village panchayats.
- The Federal structure: Incorrect. The Federal structure was a contentious issue. The distribution of powers between the Centre and the States, the emergency provisions, and the role of the Governor were subjects of significant debate to ensure a balance between national unity and regional autonomy.
Key Takeaway: Universal Adult Franchise was the singular provision adopted unanimously and without significant debate, symbolizing the Constituent Assembly's unshakeable commitment to democratic equality and the sovereignty of the people.