Amul
Explanation
The White Revolution, officially known as Operation Flood, was launched in 1970. It was the world's largest dairy development program, designed to transform India from a milk-deficient nation into the world's largest milk producer by eliminating middlemen and establishing a direct link between producers and consumers.Analysis:
- Amul : The White Revolution was inspired by and modeled after the success of the Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers' Union Ltd., popularly known as Amul, based in Anand, Gujarat. The "Anand Pattern" of cooperatives proved that farmer-owned organizations could successfully manage procurement, processing, and marketing. Dr. Verghese Kurien, the Chairman of Amul, was the architect of the White Revolution and replicated the Amul model nationwide through the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB).
- Mother Dairy : Mother Dairy was established in 1974 by the NDDB as a subsidiary to manage milk distribution in the National Capital Region (Delhi). It was an outcome of Operation Flood, not the organization that originated the movement.
- Verka and Sudha : Verka (Punjab State Cooperative Milk Producers' Federation) and Sudha (Bihar State Milk Co-operative Federation) are state-level cooperatives that were strengthened by adopting the Anand pattern. They followed the revolution rather than initiating it.
Key Takeaway: The White Revolution (Operation Flood) was driven by the replication of the Amul Model (Anand Pattern) of dairy cooperatives across India under the leadership of Dr. Verghese Kurien.