The correct option is Cinnabar.
Explanation
The Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan Civilization) was characterized by a sophisticated urban lifestyle that included a keen interest in personal grooming, fashion, and ornamentation. Archaeological evidence suggests that both men and women utilized various cosmetic products.
Detailed Analysis:
- Cinnabar: Excavations at various Harappan sites have yielded small toilet jars and cosmetic vessels made of ivory, metal, pottery, and stone. Chemical analysis of residues found within these vessels indicates the use of Cinnabar (mercuric sulfide). It was likely used as a red cosmetic paste, serving as face-paint or a form of lipstick.
- Collyrium: Alongside Cinnabar, the Harappans frequently used collyrium (eye-salve) for eye decoration and medicinal purposes. Special rods for applying this substance have also been recovered.
- Comparison with other options:
- Indigo: While the Harappans were among the earliest people to cultivate cotton and use Indigo, it was primarily utilized as a dye for textiles rather than as a facial cosmetic.
- Ochre: Ochre was widely used as a pigment for pottery decoration and in prehistoric rock art, but Cinnabar is the distinct substance associated with Harappan cosmetic kits.
- Charcoal: Charcoal was used as fuel or a black pigment but was not the primary substance for face-paint in this context.
Key Takeaway: The Indus Valley people possessed advanced knowledge of chemistry for grooming, specifically using Cinnabar for red face-paint and collyrium for eye makeup.