Correct Option
The correct option is Himachal Pradesh.
Explanation
The proportion of the population in the working-age group (typically defined as 15-59 years) is a key indicator of a region's demographic dividend. This metric is inversely related to the Total Fertility Rate (TFR). States that have advanced further in the demographic transition (low birth rates and low death rates) tend to have a "bulge" in the working-age population, while states with high birth rates have a larger share of young dependents (0-14 years).
Detailed Analysis
- Uttar Pradesh and Bihar: These states are characterized by high Total Fertility Rates (TFR). As a result, a very large percentage of their population comprises children (0-14 years). This high young dependency ratio significantly reduces the percentage share of the working-age population.
- West Bengal: West Bengal has successfully lowered its fertility rates and has a high proportion of working-age people. However, statistical data (such as Census 2011 and subsequent periodic surveys) places it slightly below Himachal Pradesh in terms of the percentage share of the 15-59 age group.
- Himachal Pradesh: Among the options provided, Himachal Pradesh has the highest percentage of its population in the working-age group. The state achieved replacement-level fertility earlier than the northern heartland states, resulting in a demographic structure where the majority of the population has moved into the productive age bracket.
Key Takeaway: States with lower fertility rates (e.g., Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu) have a higher proportion of working-age population, whereas states with high fertility rates (e.g., Bihar, Uttar Pradesh) have a higher proportion of young dependents.