The correct option is Harappa.
Explanation
The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) extended across vast areas of modern-day India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. The geographical distribution of its major urban centers is a fundamental aspect of its study.
Site-wise Analysis:
- Harappa: This site is located in the Sahiwal District of Punjab, Pakistan, on the banks of the River Ravi. It was the first site of the civilization to be excavated in 1921. Therefore, it is not located within the territory of modern India.
- Lothal: Located in the Bhal region of Gujarat, India. It is historically significant for its artificial dockyard, which suggests maritime trade.
- Dholavira: Located in the Kutch District of Gujarat, India. It is renowned for its unique water management system and was recently inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Rakhigarhi: Located in the Hisar District of Haryana, India. It is considered one of the largest settlements of the Indus Valley Civilization found to date.
Key Takeaway:
Major IVC sites located in Pakistan include Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, and Chanhudaro. Major sites located in India include Lothal, Dholavira, Rakhigarhi, Kalibangan, and Banawali.