Correct Option
The correct option is Encouraging local bodies to prepare their own environmental plans.
Explanation
Agenda 21 is a comprehensive, non-binding action plan adopted by the United Nations at the Earth Summit (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. It outlines strategies for sustainable development to be implemented globally, nationally, and locally by governments and international organizations.
Option Analysis
- Encouraging local bodies to prepare their own environmental plans is Correct: A distinct feature of Agenda 21 is its emphasis on local governance. Chapter 28 specifically encourages local authorities to engage in dialogue with their citizens, local organizations, and private enterprises to adopt a "Local Agenda 21." This decentralizes the implementation of sustainable development goals to the community level.
- Replacing fossil fuels globally by 2030 is Incorrect: While Agenda 21 promotes energy transition and efficiency, it does not set a specific deadline (such as 2030) for the total global replacement of fossil fuels.
- Mandating uniform emission norms for all nations is Incorrect: Agenda 21 respects the principle of "Common But Differentiated Responsibilities" (CBDR). It does not impose uniform emission norms on all nations, acknowledging the varying economic capabilities and developmental needs of different countries.
- Creating a global climate-finance mechanism is Incorrect: Although Agenda 21 discusses financial resources and mechanisms to assist developing countries, the establishment of a specific "global climate-finance mechanism" (like the Green Climate Fund) is a product of the UNFCCC framework and subsequent agreements, not the primary highlight of Agenda 21.
Key Takeaway: Agenda 21 operates on the principle of "Think Globally, Act Locally," making the formulation of local environmental plans by local bodies (Local Agenda 21) a central objective.