Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below: List I (Land Resource Problem) | List II (State) A.…

The correct Answer is

A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3

Explanation

Land degradation refers to the reduction in the productive capacity of land due to various human activities and natural processes. Different regions experience specific types of land degradation based on their geographical features, resource utilization patterns, and agricultural practices.

Statement-wise Analysis

1. A. Mining-induced degradation - 1. Jharkhand
   Correct. Jharkhand is a mineral-rich state with extensive mining activities, particularly for coal and iron ore. These activities lead to significant land degradation, including deforestation, soil erosion, and alteration of landforms.
2. B. Overgrazing-related degradation - 4. Gujarat
   Correct. Gujarat has large tracts of arid and semi-arid regions, and pastoralism is a significant economic activity. Overgrazing by livestock in these fragile ecosystems contributes to vegetation loss, soil compaction, and increased erosion, leading to land degradation.
3. C. Waterlogging and salinity - 2. Punjab
   Correct. Punjab is characterized by intensive irrigation, particularly canal irrigation, to support its agricultural economy. Excessive irrigation without proper drainage often leads to a rise in the water table, causing waterlogging and the accumulation of salts in the topsoil, resulting in salinity.
4. D. Desertification risk - 3. Rajasthan
   Correct. Rajasthan is predominantly an arid and semi-arid state, with a significant portion covered by the Thar Desert. Factors such as low rainfall, high temperatures, wind erosion, and unsustainable land use practices contribute to a high risk of desertification and land degradation.

Key Takeaway

Specific land degradation problems are often concentrated in regions where the underlying environmental conditions and human activities are conducive to their occurrence.