Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below: List I (Land Resource Problem) | List II (State) A. Mining-induced degradation | 1. Jharkhand B. Overgrazing-related degradation | 2. Punjab C. Waterlogging and salinity | 3. Rajasthan D. Desertification risk | 4. Gujarat

The correct Answer is A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3 Explanation Land degradation refers to the reduction in the productive capacity of land due to various human activities and natural processes. Different regions experience specific types of land degradation based on their geographical features, resource utilization patterns, and agricultural practices. Statement-wise Analysis 1. A. Mining-induced degradation - 1. Jharkhand Correct. Jharkhand is a mineral-rich state with extensive mining activities, particularly for coal and iron ore. These activities lead to significant land degradation, including deforestation, soil erosion, and alteration of landforms. 2. B. Overgrazing-related degradation - 4. Gujarat Correct. Gujarat has large tracts of arid and semi-arid regions, and pastoralism is a significant economic activity. Overgrazing by livestock in these fragile ecosystems contributes to vegetation loss, soil compaction, and increased erosion, leading to land degradation. 3. C. Waterlogging and salinity - 2. Punjab Correct. Punjab is characterized by intensive irrigation, particularly canal irrigation, to support its agricultural economy. Excessive irrigation without proper drainage often leads to a rise in the water table, causing waterlogging and the accumulation of salts in the topsoil, resulting in salinity. 4. D. Desertification risk - 3. Rajasthan Correct. Rajasthan is predominantly an arid and semi-arid state, with a significant portion covered by the Thar Desert. Factors such as low rainfall, high temperatures, wind erosion, and unsustainable land use practices contribute to a high risk of desertification and land degradation. Key Takeaway Specific land degradation problems are often concentrated in regions where the underlying environmental conditions and human activities are conducive to their occurrence.

NCERT Class 10 Geography — Chapter 1: Resources and Development

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Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below:

List I (Land Resource Problem)	List II (State)
A. Mining-induced degradation	1. Jharkhand
B. Overgrazing-related degradation	2. Punjab
C. Waterlogging and salinity	3. Rajasthan
D. Desertification risk	4. Gujarat

Official previous-year question

Verified 1 Aug 2026.

Options

AA-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
BA-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
CA-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
DA-4, B-1, C-3, D-2

Did you get this right?

Solution

The correct Answer is
A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3

Explanation

Land degradation refers to the reduction in the productive capacity of land due to various human activities and natural processes. Different regions experience specific types of land degradation based on their geographical features, resource utilization patterns, and agricultural practices.

Statement-wise Analysis

A. Mining-induced degradation - 1. Jharkhand
Correct. Jharkhand is a mineral-rich state with extensive mining activities, particularly for coal and iron ore. These activities lead to significant land degradation, including deforestation, soil erosion, and alteration of landforms.
B. Overgrazing-related degradation - 4. Gujarat
Correct. Gujarat has large tracts of arid and semi-arid regions, and pastoralism is a significant economic activity. Overgrazing by livestock in these fragile ecosystems contributes to vegetation loss, soil compaction, and increased erosion, leading to land degradation.
C. Waterlogging and salinity - 2. Punjab
Correct. Punjab is characterized by intensive irrigation, particularly canal irrigation, to support its agricultural economy. Excessive irrigation without proper drainage often leads to a rise in the water table, causing waterlogging and the accumulation of salts in the topsoil, resulting in salinity.
D. Desertification risk - 3. Rajasthan
Correct. Rajasthan is predominantly an arid and semi-arid state, with a significant portion covered by the Thar Desert. Factors such as low rainfall, high temperatures, wind erosion, and unsustainable land use practices contribute to a high risk of desertification and land degradation.

Key Takeaway

Specific land degradation problems are often concentrated in regions where the underlying environmental conditions and human activities are conducive to their occurrence.

Your note

More from Chapter 1: Resources and Development

Consider the following statements about land degradation in India: 1. Over-irrigation can increase soil salinity. 2. Mining is the primary cause of land degradation in Punjab and Haryana. 3. Industrial effluents are a significant source of land degradation.

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Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below: List I (Soil Type) | List II (Characteristic) A. Alluvial Soil | 1. High accumulation of kankar in lower horizons B. Black Soil | 2. Prone to erosion; develops under heavy leaching C. Laterite Soil | 3. High moisture retention capacity D. Arid Soil | 4. Formed by deposition from Himalayan river systems

medium

Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?

medium

Consider the following statements regarding alluvial soils: 1. Alluvial soils are completely absent in the states of Rajasthan and Gujarat. 2. They are deposited mainly by the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra systems. 3. Bangar soils are younger and more fertile than Khadar soils.

hard

Consider the following statements: 1. Black soils retain moisture due to their clayey composition. 2. Black soils become sticky when wet and are easy to plough during the monsoon. 3. Black soils are typically found in the Deccan trap region.

medium

Keep practising Chapter 1: Resources and Development

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The correct Answer is
A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3

Explanation

Statement-wise Analysis

A. Mining-induced degradation - 1. Jharkhand
Correct. Jharkhand is a mineral-rich state with extensive mining activities, particularly for coal and iron ore. These activities lead to significant land degradation, including deforestation, soil erosion, and alteration of landforms.
B. Overgrazing-related degradation - 4. Gujarat
Correct. Gujarat has large tracts of arid and semi-arid regions, and pastoralism is a significant economic activity. Overgrazing by livestock in these fragile ecosystems contributes to vegetation loss, soil compaction, and increased erosion, leading to land degradation.
C. Waterlogging and salinity - 2. Punjab
Correct. Punjab is characterized by intensive irrigation, particularly canal irrigation, to support its agricultural economy. Excessive irrigation without proper drainage often leads to a rise in the water table, causing waterlogging and the accumulation of salts in the topsoil, resulting in salinity.
D. Desertification risk - 3. Rajasthan
Correct. Rajasthan is predominantly an arid and semi-arid state, with a significant portion covered by the Thar Desert. Factors such as low rainfall, high temperatures, wind erosion, and unsustainable land use practices contribute to a high risk of desertification and land degradation.

Key Takeaway

Specific land degradation problems are often concentrated in regions where the underlying environmental conditions and human activities are conducive to their occurrence.