The correct option is Kerala.
Explanation
The decadal growth rate of population indicates the percentage increase in population over a ten-year period. During the 1991-2001 census period, India witnessed a decline in growth rates in several southern states, reflecting the impact of social development and demographic transition.
Analysis:
According to the Census of India 2001, the decadal growth rates for the given states during 1991-2001 were as follows:
- Kerala: Recorded the lowest growth rate among the states at approximately 9.43%.
- Tamil Nadu: Recorded a growth rate of approximately 11.72%.
- Andhra Pradesh: Recorded a growth rate of approximately 14.59%.
- Goa: Recorded a growth rate of approximately 15.21%.
Kerala holds the distinction of having the lowest population growth rate in India during this period, driven by high literacy rates and effective implementation of health and family welfare measures.
Key Takeaway:
Kerala consistently demonstrates the lowest decadal population growth among Indian states, serving as a model for the final stages of demographic transition characterized by low birth and death rates.