The correct option is It is characterized by the use of cream-coloured sandstone..
Explanation
The Sarnath School of Sculpture developed as a major center of art during the Gupta period (4th to 6th century CE). It is renowned for its refinement, spiritual expression, and the idealized representation of the human form, marking a departure from the styles of the Gandhara and Mathura schools.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement It is characterized by the use of cream-coloured sandstone. is Correct: The sculptures of the Sarnath School are characteristically made of cream-coloured sandstone (often sourced from Chunar). This material choice is a key identifier, distinguishing it from the spotted red sandstone of the Mathura School and the blue-grey schist of the Gandhara School.
- Statement The halo around the Buddha's head is plain without any decoration. is Incorrect: The halo (prabhamandala) around the Buddha's head in Sarnath sculptures is elaborately decorated with floral and geometric patterns. In contrast, the halos of the earlier Mathura School (Kushan period) were largely plain.
- Statement The drapery has heavy folds that conceal the body contours. is Incorrect: The Sarnath style is famous for its transparent drapery (often described as "wet drapery"). The clothing clings tightly to the body, revealing the contours of the physique with almost no folds, except for the hem lines. Heavy folds concealing the body are a characteristic of the Gandhara School.
- Statement It flourished primarily during the Mauryan period. is Incorrect: The Sarnath School of Sculpture flourished primarily during the Gupta period. While Sarnath was a significant site during the Mauryan period (e.g., the Lion Capital), the specific sculptural style describing these Buddha figures evolved centuries later.
Key Takeaway:
The Sarnath School (Gupta Period) is distinguished by the use of cream-coloured sandstone, transparent drapery without folds, and highly ornamented halos.