The correct option is (d).
Explanation
Cooperatives play a significant role in ensuring food security in India, particularly in the southern and western regions. They function as vital intermediaries to provide essential goods at controlled prices, supplementing the government's Public Distribution System (PDS).
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: In Tamil Nadu, the operational structure of the Public Distribution System is distinct because the vast majority of fair price shops are run by cooperatives. Approximately 94% of these shops are managed by cooperatives, which is significantly higher than in other states.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Mother Dairy is a prominent cooperative initiative in Delhi. It provides milk and vegetables to consumers at controlled rates decided by the Government of Delhi, thereby ensuring affordability and protecting consumers from market volatility.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The Academy of Development Science (ADS) in Maharashtra has facilitated a network of NGOs to establish Grain Banks in various regions. ADS organizes training and capacity-building programs on food security for NGOs. The Grain Bank program is recognized as a successful and replicable food security intervention.
Key Takeaway:
Cooperatives are instrumental in food security through diverse mechanisms such as managing fair price shops (Tamil Nadu), supplying essentials like milk (Mother Dairy), and establishing community-led grain banks (ADS, Maharashtra).