The correct option is It sees people as passive recipients of development..
Explanation
The concept of Human Development is analyzed through four main approaches: the Income Approach, the Welfare Approach, the Basic Needs Approach, and the Capability Approach. These frameworks define how development is measured and how human beings are viewed within the developmental process.Analysis of Options:
- It empowers people to make their own choices. is incorrect: The approach that focuses on building human capabilities and empowering people to make choices is the Capability Approach. This approach emphasizes increasing human freedom and access to resources.
- It sees people as passive recipients of development. is correct: The Welfare Approach views human beings as beneficiaries or targets of all development activities. Under this approach, people are treated as passive recipients rather than active participants. The government is responsible for increasing levels of human development by maximizing expenditure on welfare (health, education, and amenities).
- It focuses on income generation as the primary goal. is incorrect: Focusing on income generation as the primary goal and viewing the level of income as the sole measure of development reflects the Income Approach.
- It was proposed by Amartya Sen. is incorrect: The Capability Approach was proposed by Prof. Amartya Sen, not the Welfare Approach. The Welfare Approach does not have a single specific proponent in the same manner but represents a broader policy perspective.
Key Takeaway:
The Welfare Approach argues for higher government expenditure on social sectors, treating humans as passive recipients of development rather than active participants in the process.