Kusinara
Explanation
Mahaparinirvana refers to the ultimate state of Nirvana attained by an enlightened being upon physical death, signifying the complete release from the cycle of birth and rebirth (Samsara). In Buddhist history, this term specifically denotes the passing away of Gautama Buddha.
- Lumbini is incorrect: Lumbini (located in present-day Nepal) is the birthplace of Prince Siddhartha, who later became the Buddha. This event is traditionally associated with the symbol of the Lotus and Bull.
- Bodh Gaya is incorrect: Bodh Gaya (in Bihar) is the site where Buddha attained Supreme Enlightenment (Nirvana) under the Pipal (Bodhi) tree. This event is termed Sambodhi.
- Sarnath is incorrect: Sarnath (near Varanasi) is the location where Buddha delivered his first sermon to five ascetics. This event is known as Dharmachakrapravartana (Turning of the Wheel of Law).
- Kusinara is correct: Kusinara (modern-day Kushinagar in Uttar Pradesh) is the site where Gautama Buddha passed away at the age of 80, attaining Mahaparinirvana. At that time, Kusinara was the capital of the Malla republic.
Key Takeaway: The four principal pilgrimage sites related to the life of Gautama Buddha are Lumbini (Birth), Bodh Gaya (Enlightenment), Sarnath (First Sermon), and Kusinara (Mahaparinirvana).