Beggar/Renouncer
Explanation
The Buddhist Sangha was an organization of monks and nuns who renounced worldly life to practice and preach the Dhamma. The terminology used to describe these members reflects their lifestyle of austerity and dependence on the lay community.Analysis of the Term:
- The term ‘Bhikkhu’ (Pali/Prakrit) is etymologically derived from the word for alms (Bhiksha).
- Literally, it means “beggar” or “one who lives on alms.”
- Members of the Sangha were required to renounce all material possessions and survive solely on food provided by ordinary people (the laity). Because they obtained their food by begging, they were designated as Bhikkhus (monks) and Bhikkhunis (nuns).
- While they acted as teachers and often wandered from place to place (except during the rainy season), the specific definition of the word 'Bhikkhu' is tied to the act of begging for sustenance.
Key Takeaway: In the context of the Buddhist Sangha, a ‘Bhikkhu’ is a renouncer who lives on alms; the word literally translates to "beggar."