The correct Answer is 3 and 4 only
Explanation
Deccani painting, a significant school of Indian miniature painting, developed in the Deccan Sultanates between the 16th and 19th centuries. It is characterized by a unique blend of indigenous Indian styles with influences from Persian, Ottoman Turkish, and European art traditions. These influences are evident in themes, compositions, color palettes, and specific motifs.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1: Ottoman Turkish | Astronomical illustrations in Nujum al-Ulum
Incorrect. The Nujum al-Ulum (Stars of Sciences), an encyclopaedia compiled in 1570 in Bijapur, contains numerous illustrations, including astronomical ones. While Deccani painting did absorb influences from various sources, the specific astronomical illustrations in Nujum al-Ulum are primarily noted for their indigenous Deccani style blended with Persian elements, rather than direct Ottoman Turkish influence in this particular aspect. Ottoman influence is more generally seen in certain costume details or architectural elements in Deccani art.
- Statement 2: Gujarati Wood Carving | Basic structure of Throne of Prosperity
Incorrect. The "Throne of Prosperity" is not a recognized art piece or concept directly linked to Gujarati wood carving influencing Deccani painting in terms of its basic structure. Deccani painting incorporated various indigenous Indian elements, but a direct and specific influence from Gujarati wood carving on the basic structure of a significant Deccani painting is not a documented feature.
- Statement 3: Lepakshi Murals | Women's hair bun in Ragamala
Correct. The Lepakshi murals, particularly those in the Veerabhadra Temple, are known for their distinctive depiction of female figures, including their hairstyles. The style of women's hair buns seen in some Deccani Ragamala paintings, especially from the early periods, shows a clear stylistic affinity with the hair arrangements depicted in the Lepakshi murals, indicating an influence from indigenous South Indian mural traditions.
- Statement 4: Bukhara Artists | Original paintings in Gulistan (1567)
Correct. The Gulistan of Sadi, a Persian classic, was illustrated in 1567 in the Deccan. The style of these illustrations, particularly the original paintings, shows a strong influence from Persian schools, including those associated with Bukhara. Artists from Persia, including regions like Bukhara, migrated to the Deccan courts and contributed significantly to the development of Deccani painting, bringing with them their stylistic traditions.
Key Takeaway
Deccani painting is a syncretic art form, integrating indigenous Indian styles with Persian and other foreign influences, with specific stylistic elements traceable to regional Indian art forms like Lepakshi murals and Persian artistic traditions from regions like Bukhara.