The correct Answer is 1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation
This question assesses knowledge of materials used in ancient Indian civilizations, particularly the Indus Valley Civilization, and their corresponding artifacts. Understanding the raw materials and their applications provides insight into the technological and artistic practices of the period.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Steatite | Seals: Correct. Steatite, a soft stone, was extensively used for making seals in the Indus Valley Civilization. Thousands of seals made of steatite have been discovered from various Harappan sites.
- Faience | Spindle Whorls: Correct. Faience, an artificial material made from sand or powdered quartz mixed with gum and then glazed, was used to make beads, bangles, earrings, and small vessels. Spindle whorls, used for spinning thread, were also made from faience, among other materials.
- Red Sandstone | Male Torso: Correct. A famous sculpture of a male torso, characterized by its naturalistic depiction, was found at Harappa and is made of red sandstone. This artifact is a significant example of Harappan art.
- Copper | Dancing Girl: Correct. The iconic "Dancing Girl" statue, a masterpiece of Harappan art, was found at Mohenjo-daro and is made of bronze, which is an alloy primarily of copper and tin. Therefore, copper is a primary component of the material used for this artifact.
Key Takeaway
The Indus Valley Civilization utilized a diverse range of materials, including steatite, faience, sandstone, and copper/bronze, for crafting various objects such as seals, spindle whorls, sculptures, and figurines.