The correct Answer is
1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation
This question assesses knowledge of various development concepts and their associated proponents or origins, which are fundamental to understanding different approaches to measuring human well-being and progress beyond purely economic indicators.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Human Development Index (HDI) - Dr. Mahbub-ul-Haq: Correct. The Human Development Index was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub-ul-Haq in 1990 and has been used by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to measure human development.
- Capability Approach - Prof. Amartya Sen: Correct. The Capability Approach is an economic theory conceptualized by Nobel laureate Amartya Sen. It focuses on what individuals are able to do and be, rather than on the resources they possess.
- Basic Needs Approach - International Labour Organisation (ILO): Correct. The Basic Needs Approach to development was popularized by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) in the 1970s. It emphasizes meeting the minimum requirements for a decent standard of living, such as food, shelter, clothing, and essential services.
- Gross National Happiness (GNH) - Bhutan: Correct. Gross National Happiness (GNH) is a philosophy that guides the government of Bhutan. It includes an index that measures the collective happiness and well-being of a population, emphasizing spiritual and material development in harmony.
Key Takeaway
Understanding the origins and key figures associated with major development indicators and approaches is crucial for comprehending different perspectives on human progress and well-being.