The correct option is Holkar — Indore
Explanation
Following the decline of the Mughal Empire and the rise of the Peshwas, the Maratha Empire evolved into a loose confederacy. The territory was divided among powerful Maratha chiefs (Sardars) who established autonomous states while acknowledging the nominal supremacy of the Chhatrapati (King) and the Peshwa (Prime Minister).
Analysis of the Pairs:
- (a) Sindhia - Nagpur: Incorrect. The Sindhia (Scindia) family established their seat of power in Gwalior. They were instrumental in Maratha affairs in North India.
- (b) Holkar - Indore: Correct. The Holkar family ruled from Indore. Malhar Rao Holkar was the founder of this dynasty.
- (c) Bhonsle - Baroda: Incorrect. The Bhonsle family of this line established themselves in Nagpur. They controlled the eastern territories of the Maratha dominion.
- (d) Gaekwad - Gwalior: Incorrect. The Gaekwad family established their rule in Baroda (Vadodara). Pilaji Gaekwad was a key figure in establishing Maratha power in Gujarat.
Key Takeaway:
The five major pillars of the Maratha Confederacy were the Peshwas (Pune), Gaekwads (Baroda), Holkars (Indore), Sindhias (Gwalior), and Bhonsles (Nagpur).