The correct option is (d).
Explanation
Megaliths are large stone structures, typically boulders, used to mark burial sites. While the practice existed in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods in some regions, the widespread Megalithic culture of Peninsular India is distinctly associated with the Iron Age (c. 1000 BCE onwards). These burials are characterized by specific grave goods that provide insights into the livelihood and social structure of the people.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: Archaeological excavations of Megalithic graves have yielded a variety of iron tools and weapons. Axes are commonly found, indicating their use in clearing forests or as offensive weapons, suggesting a lifestyle involving hunting or warfare.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Daggers, along with spears, arrowheads, and swords, are frequent finds in these burials. The inclusion of such weaponry in graves implies that martial skills and hunting were significant aspects of the culture.
- Statement 3 is Correct: A distinguishing feature of the South Indian Megalithic culture is the presence of horse equipment (such as snaffle bits, bridles, and stirrups) and skeletal remains of horses. This evidence confirms that the people domesticated horses and utilized them for mobility and warfare.
Key Takeaway:
The Iron Age Megalithic culture of South India is defined by the presence of Black and Red Ware pottery, extensive use of iron weapons (axes, daggers), and horse equipage in burials, reflecting a society engaged in warfare and hunting.