NCERT Class 11 Geography — Chapter 5: Landforms and Their Evolution

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Which of the following is NOT a recognized type of glacial moraine?

Official previous-year question

Verified 1 Aug 2026.

Options

ATerminal Moraine
BMedial Moraine
CLateral Moraine
DVertical Moraine

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Solution

The correct option is Vertical Moraine.

Explanation

Moraines are accumulations of dirt, regolith, and rock debris that have been transported and deposited by a glacier. These depositional landforms are primarily classified based on their position relative to the glacier body.

Option Analysis

Terminal Moraine: This is a recognized type. It forms at the snout (end) of the glacier and marks the maximum limit of the glacier's advance. It appears as a ridge of debris deposited across the valley.
Lateral Moraine: This is a recognized type. It forms along the sides of a glacier, consisting of debris that falls from the valley walls or is scraped off the valley sides by the moving ice.
Medial Moraine: This is a recognized type. It forms in the middle of a glacier when two tributary glaciers converge. The lateral moraines of the joining glaciers merge to form a single ridge of debris running down the center of the combined glacier.
Vertical Moraine: This is not a recognized classification in glacial geomorphology. While "Ground Moraines" (deposited beneath the glacier) exist, "Vertical Moraine" is not a standard term.

Key Takeaway: Glacial moraines are classified by their location: Lateral (sides), Medial (center), Terminal (end), and Ground (bottom). Vertical Moraine is not a valid type.

Your note

More from Chapter 5: Landforms and Their Evolution

Which factor does NOT contribute to the formation of river meanders?

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With reference to the depositional landforms of running water, consider the following statements: 1. Alluvial fans in humid areas normally show low cones with gentle slopes. 2. In deltas, the finest materials settle out first. 3. Unlike alluvial fans, the deposits making up deltas are very well sorted with clear stratification. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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With reference to the stages of landscape development by running water, consider the following statements: 1. In the youth stage, streams are few with poor integration and flow over original slopes. 2. In the mature stage, waterfalls and rapids dominate the landscape. 3. In the old stage, divides are sharp and steep. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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Consider the following statements regarding the erosional landforms of running water: 1. A gorge is a deep valley with very steep to straight sides and is almost equal in width at its top and bottom. 2. A canyon is characterized by vertical walls and is equal in width at its top and bottom. 3. Canyons commonly form in horizontal bedded sedimentary rocks, while gorges form in hard rocks. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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The correct option is Vertical Moraine.

Explanation

Option Analysis

Terminal Moraine: This is a recognized type. It forms at the snout (end) of the glacier and marks the maximum limit of the glacier's advance. It appears as a ridge of debris deposited across the valley.
Lateral Moraine: This is a recognized type. It forms along the sides of a glacier, consisting of debris that falls from the valley walls or is scraped off the valley sides by the moving ice.
Medial Moraine: This is a recognized type. It forms in the middle of a glacier when two tributary glaciers converge. The lateral moraines of the joining glaciers merge to form a single ridge of debris running down the center of the combined glacier.
Vertical Moraine: This is not a recognized classification in glacial geomorphology. While "Ground Moraines" (deposited beneath the glacier) exist, "Vertical Moraine" is not a standard term.

Key Takeaway: Glacial moraines are classified by their location: Lateral (sides), Medial (center), Terminal (end), and Ground (bottom). Vertical Moraine is not a valid type.