Correct Option
The correct option is Per capita income.
Explanation
The Human Poverty Index (HPI) was introduced by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in its 1997 Human Development Report. It was designed to measure deprivation in the three basic dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living. It has since been replaced by the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) in 2010.
Analysis of Options
The HPI for developing countries (HPI-1) comprises the following three components:
- Longe Measured by the probability at birth of not surviving to age 40. Therefore, Probability of not surviving till age 40. is a component.
- Knowledge: Measured by the adult illiteracy rate. Therefore, Adult illiteracy rate. is a component.
- Decent Standard of Living: Measured by the unweighted average of two indicators: the percentage of the population without sustainable access to an improved water source and the percentage of children underweight for age. Therefore, Number of people without access to clean water. is a component.
Per Capita Income is a component of the Human Development Index (HDI) to measure the standard of living, but it is not used in the calculation of the Human Poverty Index. HPI focuses on direct physical deprivations rather than income levels.
Key Takeaway
The Human Poverty Index (HPI) measures deprivation using indicators of survival (age 40), literacy, and access to basic necessities (water and nutrition), excluding monetary measures like Per Capita Income.