Lothal
Explanation
The geographical distribution of the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) sites spans across present-day Pakistan and Northwest India. The location of specific cities was often determined by proximity to water bodies for trade and agriculture.
Analysis of the Options:
- Dholavira: This site is located on Khadir Bet (island) in the Great Rann of Kutch in Gujarat. It is distinct for its unique water management system and three-tiered urban planning, but it is not situated near the Gulf of Khambat.
- Lothal: This city is situated between the Bhogavo and Sabarmati rivers in the Ahmedabad district of Gujarat. It is located near the Gulf of Khambat (Cambay). This strategic location facilitated maritime trade, evidenced by the discovery of a massive artificial brick dockyard at the site.
- Kalibangan: This site is located in the Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan, on the banks of the dry bed of the Ghaggar river. It is known for evidence of the earliest ploughed field and fire altars.
- Harappa: This is the first discovered site of the civilization, located in the Montgomery district of Punjab (Pakistan) on the banks of the Ravi river.
Key Takeaway:
Lothal is the major Harappan port city located near the Gulf of Khambat, serving as a vital center for maritime trade with West Asia.