Which material was primarily used for the sculpture of the Seated Buddha preaching the Dhamma, found at Sarnath?

The correct option is Chunar sandstone.

Explanation

The sculpture of the Seated Buddha preaching the Dhamma is a quintessential masterpiece of the Sarnath School of Art, which flourished during the Gupta Period (4th to 6th century CE). This school is renowned for its refinement, spiritual serenity, and the use of specific materials distinct from the earlier Mathura and Gandhara schools.

Detailed Analysis

• Material Used: The Sarnath sculptures, including this famous seated Buddha, were primarily carved out of Chunar sandstone. This stone typically has a cream or buff color, allowing for a smooth and polished finish that characterizes Gupta art.
• Comparison with Other Schools:
  • Mathura School: Predominantly used spotted red sandstone.
  • Gandhara School: Typically used bluish-grey schist or stucco.
  • Amaravati School: Known for the use of white marble.
• Artistic Features: The figure depicts the Buddha in the Dharmachakrapravartana Mudra (turning the Wheel of Law). The Sarnath style is distinct for its plain, transparent drapery covering both shoulders (without heavy folds) and an elaborately decorated halo behind the head.

Key Takeaway

Sarnath School of Art (Gupta Period) is identified by the use of Chunar sandstone, the "wet drapery" style (transparent clothing without folds), and a focus on inner spiritual calm.