The correct option is Ultramarine.
Explanation
Mughal miniature paintings were renowned for their use of natural pigments derived from minerals, plants, and precious stones. The preparation of colours was a laborious process involving grinding and mixing materials with binding agents like gum arabic.
Analysis of the Pigment:
- Lapis Lazuli: This is a semi-precious metamorphic rock, historically imported from the Badakhshan region (modern-day Afghanistan). When ground into a powder, it yields the pigment Ultramarine, a deep, intense blue colour.
- Usage: Due to its high cost and rarity, Ultramarine was used sparingly and selectively in Mughal manuscripts, often to depict the sky, water, or royal attire, signifying value and prestige.
Comparison with Other Options:
- Vermilion: This is a brilliant red pigment derived from Cinnabar (Mercury Sulfide).
- Yellow: Common yellow pigments included Orpiment (arsenic sulfide) or Indian Yellow (Peori), traditionally derived from the urine of cows fed on mango leaves.
- White: White pigments were typically obtained from White Lead (Safeda) or burnt conch shells (Kashgar).
Key Takeaway:
Lapis Lazuli is the mineral source for the pigment Ultramarine (Blue), which was a highly prized colour in Mughal miniature painting.