The correct option is Intensification of the struggle for power and social tension.
Explanation
The democratization of local bodies, institutionalized by the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts, introduced regular elections and mandatory reservations for marginalized sections (SCs, STs, and women). This shift aimed to decentralize governance but inevitably interacted with deeply entrenched social hierarchies.Analysis of Options:
- Intensification of the struggle for power and social tension. is Correct: The introduction of electoral politics at the village level challenged the traditional authority of dominant castes and classes. As marginalized groups began to assert their constitutional rights and occupy leadership positions, it disrupted the status quo, leading to resistance, intensified power struggles, and social tension.
- Complete harmony in village life. is Incorrect: Democratic elections are competitive by nature and often deepen factionalism or caste-based divisions within a village, rather than ensuring "complete harmony."
- Immediate economic prosperity for all sections. is Incorrect: Economic prosperity is a long-term developmental outcome dependent on effective implementation, funds, and capacity. It is not an "immediate" consequence of democratization.
- Withdrawal of dominant groups from politics entirely. is Incorrect: Dominant groups rarely withdraw from politics entirely. Instead, they often adapt to the new system, sometimes utilizing proxy candidates (e.g., the "Sarpanch Pati" phenomenon) to retain indirect control.
Key Takeaway:
While the democratization of local bodies has successfully broadened political representation, a significant sociological consequence is the increase in social conflict as traditional power structures are challenged by the empowerment of marginalized groups.