Under the PESA Act (1996), which body is empowered to manage local resources like forests?

The correct option is The Gram Sabha.

Explanation

The Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 (PESA), was enacted to extend the provisions of Part IX of the Constitution (relating to Panchayats) to the Scheduled Areas referred to in Article 244(1) (Fifth Schedule Areas). The Act aims to decentralize governance and empower local tribal communities.

Detailed Analysis:

• Role of Gram Sabha: The PESA Act designates the Gram Sabha as the nucleus of all activities. It mandates that every village shall have a Gram Sabha consisting of persons whose names are included in the electoral rolls for the Panchayat at the village level.
• Management of Resources: The Act specifically empowers the Gram Sabha (and Panchayats at the appropriate level) with the ownership of Minor Forest Produce (MFP). It also grants the Gram Sabha the competence to safeguard and preserve community resources, including water bodies and land.
• Other Authorities: While the Governor has specific powers regarding the administration and reporting of Scheduled Areas, and Forest Officers manage reserved forests under other statutes, the PESA Act explicitly vests the immediate management of local community resources and minor forest produce in the Gram Sabha to ensure participatory democracy.

Key Takeaway:
Under the PESA Act, 1996, the Gram Sabha is the primary authority empowered to manage community resources, own minor forest produce, and preserve the cultural identity and traditions of the people in Fifth Schedule Areas.