The correct option is Limestone.
Explanation
Prehistoric rock paintings, such as those found in the Bhimbetka rock shelters, utilized natural mineral pigments. These paints were made by grinding various rocks and minerals and mixing them with water and sticky substances like animal fat or gum/resin.
Analysis of Pigment Sources:
- White Pigment: The white colour used in these paintings was primarily obtained from Limestone (Calcium Carbonate). The limestone was ground into a powder to create the pigment.
- Red Pigment: Red, which is one of the most dominant colours in prehistoric art, was obtained from Haematite (Iron Oxide), known locally as Geru.
- Green Pigment: The green colour was derived from a green variety of stone called Chalcedony.
Key Takeaway: In the context of Indian prehistoric rock art, white pigment was derived from Limestone, red from Haematite, and green from Chalcedony.