The correct option is Sun Temple, Modhera.
Explanation
The Sun Temple at Modhera (Gujarat) is a quintessential example of the Solanki style (also known as Maru-Gurjara style) of temple architecture, constructed in 1026 AD during the reign of King Bhima I.
Architectural Analysis:
- The temple complex is designed with three axially aligned components: the Gudhamandapa (Main Shrine), the Sabhamandapa (Assembly Hall), and the Surya Kund.
- The Surya Kund (also known as Ramakunda) is a massive rectangular stepped tank located directly in front of the Sabhamandapa.
- It is renowned for its intricate geometric arrangement of steps and features 108 miniature shrines carved on the steps, dedicated to various deities. This integration of a water tank (Kund) is a distinctive characteristic of Western Indian temple architecture.
Analysis of Other Options:
- Sun Temple, Konark (Odisha): Represents the Kalinga style and is designed as a colossal chariot with 12 pairs of wheels. While it has water bodies, the specific "Surya Kund" stepped tank typology is unique to Modhera.
- Martand Sun Temple (Kashmir): Built by the Karkota dynasty, it features a central shrine surrounded by a colonnaded courtyard (peristyle), distinct from the Solanki layout.
- Dakshineswar Temple (Bengal): A 19th-century temple built in the Navaratna style (nine spires), unrelated to the medieval Solanki tradition.
Key Takeaway: The Surya Kund is the elaborate stepped reservoir integral to the Modhera Sun Temple complex, reflecting the Solanki style's mastery in combining sacred architecture with water structures.