The correct option is 2 × 2 inches.
Explanation
The seals of the Indus Valley Civilization are among the most distinctive artifacts of the period, reflecting the artistic skill and administrative complexity of the Harappan people. Thousands of seals have been discovered, primarily used for commercial purposes, sealing cargo, and identification.
Detailed Analysis
The physical characteristics of the standard Harappan seals are as follows:
- Dimensions: The most common standard seal is a square plaque measuring 2 × 2 inches.
- Material: The majority of these seals are made of steatite (a soft river stone), which was cut, carved, and then fired to harden it.
- Shape: While square seals are the most prevalent, rectangular, circular, and cylindrical seals have also been found. The square seals typically feature an animal motif and an inscription, whereas rectangular seals often contain only script.
- Features: The seals usually depict animals such as the unicorn, humped bull, rhinoceros, tiger, or elephant, accompanied by characters from the undeciphered Indus script. They also feature a perforated boss on the back for handling or suspension.
Key Takeaway
The standard Harappan seal is a 2 × 2 inch square plaque made of steatite, characterized by realistic animal motifs and the presence of the Harappan script.