The correct option is Haematite.
Explanation
Prehistoric rock art in India, particularly from the Mesolithic period (e.g., Bhimbetka in Madhya Pradesh), is characterized by the use of natural mineral pigments. These paintings have survived for thousands of years because the pigments oxidized and chemically fused with the rock surface.
Detailed Analysis
- Haematite (Correct): The red pigment, commonly referred to as Geru in India, was primarily derived from Haematite (Iron Oxide). Nodules of haematite were found in the vicinity of rock shelters, ground into a fine powder, and mixed with water and binding agents (such as animal fat or plant extracts) to create the paint.
- Other Pigments: While red was the most dominant colour, prehistoric artists also used white (derived from limestone or calcite) and green (derived from green chalcedony or glauconite).
- Incorrect Options: Cinnabar (Mercury Sulfide), Red Lead, and Laterite were not the primary sources for the specific red pigment found in these prehistoric artworks, although Laterite soil contains iron oxides.
Key Takeaway: The red colour (Geru) in Indian prehistoric rock paintings is derived from the mineral Haematite (Iron Oxide), while white is derived from Limestone.