The correct option is Brahadeeshwarar Temple, Thanjavur.
Explanation
The question pertains to the Imperial Chola period of Dravidian architecture, specifically the monumental structural temples constructed in the Kaveri delta region during the 11th century CE.
Option Analysis:
- Brahadeeshwarar Temple, Thanjavur is Correct: The Brahadeeshwarar Temple (also known as the Big Temple) in Thanjavur was commissioned by the Chola emperor Raja Raja Chola I and completed around 1010 CE. In inscriptions, the temple is referred to as Rajarajeswaram (the temple of Rajarajeswara), named directly after the emperor. It represents the zenith of Chola architecture with its massive vimana.
- Shore Temple, Mahabalipuram is Incorrect: The Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram was built by the Pallava king Narasimhavarman II (Rajasimha) in the early 8th century CE. It is a precursor to the later Dravidian style but is not associated with the name Rajarajeswara.
- Kailashnath Temple, Ellora is Incorrect: The Kailashnath Temple at Ellora is a monolithic rock-cut structure excavated under the patronage of the Rashtrakuta king Krishna I in the 8th century CE. It is distinct from the structural Chola temples.
- Virupaksha Temple, Pattadakal is Incorrect: The Virupaksha Temple at Pattadakal was built by Queen Lokamahadevi of the Badami Chalukya dynasty in the 8th century CE to commemorate the king's victory over the Pallavas of Kanchipuram.
Key Takeaway: The Brahadeeshwarar Temple in Thanjavur is historically and epigraphically known as the Rajarajeswara Temple, reflecting the name of its builder, Raja Raja Chola I.