Antarctica
Explanation
India operates permanent research stations in the polar regions (Antarctica and the Arctic) to facilitate scientific research in atmospheric sciences, glaciology, biology, and earth sciences.
Detailed Analysis:
- Dakshin Gangotri: Established in 1983, this was India’s first scientific base station in Antarctica. It is currently used as a supply base and transit camp.
- Maitri: Established in 1989, this is India’s second permanent research station in Antarctica. It is situated in the rocky Schirmacher Oasis.
- Bharati: Commissioned in 2012, this is India’s third and most recent research station in Antarctica, located near the Larsemann Hills.
- Himadri: This is India's research station located in the Arctic region (Svalbard, Norway), not Antarctica.
Key Takeaway:
Dakshin Gangotri, Maitri, and Bharati are Indian research stations located in Antarctica, while Himadri is located in the Arctic.