The Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution lists subjects intended for devolution to Panchayats. Which of the following is one such subject?

The correct option is Markets and fairs.

Explanation

The Eleventh Schedule was added to the Constitution by the 73rd Amendment Act, 1992. It specifies the powers, authority, and responsibilities of Panchayats under Article 243G. It contains 29 functional items intended for planning and implementation by Panchayati Raj Institutions.

Option Analysis:

• Markets and fairs Markets and fairs: Correct. This is explicitly listed as Entry 22 in the Eleventh Schedule. The management of local village markets and fairs is a function devolved to Panchayats to ensure local economic regulation and revenue generation.
• Atomic Energy Atomic Energy: Incorrect. This is a subject of strategic national importance and falls under the Union List (Entry 6) of the Seventh Schedule. It is not a subject for local governance.
• National Highways National Highways: Incorrect. National Highways are declared by or under law made by Parliament and fall under the Union List (Entry 23) of the Seventh Schedule.
• Posts and Telegraphs Posts and Telegraphs: Incorrect. Communication systems like posts, telegraphs, telephones, and wireless broadcasting fall under the Union List (Entry 31) of the Seventh Schedule.

Key Takeaway: The Eleventh Schedule includes 29 subjects such as agriculture, land improvement, minor irrigation, animal husbandry, rural housing, drinking water, libraries, and markets and fairs, which are essential for rural development.