Correct Option
The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
The Nataraja sculpture, primarily associated with the Chola bronze casting tradition, depicts Lord Shiva performing the Ananda Tandava (Dance of Bliss). This iconography visualizes the five acts of Shiva (Panchakritya): creation, preservation, destruction, veiling, and grace. The symbolism of each element in the sculpture is central to understanding Hindu philosophy regarding liberation.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The dwarf figure being trampled under Shiva’s right foot is known as Apasmara (in Sanskrit) or Muyalaka (in Tamil). He represents spiritual ignorance (avidya), forgetfulness, and ego. Shiva suppresses this ignorance to allow the birth of wisdom and liberation.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The vehicle (vahana) of Lord Shiva is Nandi, the bull. Apasmara is not a vehicle; he is a demon symbolizing the blindness of life that must be conquered. In the sculpture, Shiva stands upon him to demonstrate the triumph of knowledge over ignorance.
Key Takeaway
Apasmara Purusha in the Nataraja iconography symbolizes the demon of ignorance and ego, which must be suppressed by the divine consciousness to attain enlightenment.