The correct Answer is A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
Explanation
Dravidian temple architecture incorporates various shapes for the superstructure (vimana) of the shrine, each with a specific nomenclature. These shapes are fundamental to understanding the architectural typology of South Indian temples.
Statement-wise Analysis
- A. Square - 2. Kuta:
- Correct. The term 'Kuta' refers to a square-shaped superstructure in Dravidian temple architecture. This is a common and fundamental form.
- B. Rectangular - 3. Shala:
- Correct. A rectangular-shaped superstructure is known as 'Shala'. This form is also prevalent in Dravidian temple construction.
- C. Elliptical - 1. Gaja-prishta:
- Correct. The 'Gaja-prishta' (elephant-back) shape describes an elliptical or apsidal superstructure, resembling the back of an elephant. This is a distinctive feature found in some Dravidian temples, often derived from earlier Buddhist chaitya hall forms.
- D. Octagonal - 4. Ashtasra:
- Correct. 'Ashtasra' literally means eight-sided, referring to an octagonal shape. This is another recognized form for the superstructure of Dravidian temples.
Key Takeaway
Dravidian temple superstructures are classified by specific Sanskrit terms based on their geometric shapes: Kuta (square), Shala (rectangular), Gaja-prishta (elliptical/apsidal), and Ashtasra (octagonal).