The correct Answer is 1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation
This question assesses knowledge of significant figures and their attributes within Buddhist iconography and art, particularly as depicted in ancient Indian cave paintings and sculptures. Understanding these associations is crucial for comprehending the religious and artistic traditions of the period.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Padmapani : Holding a Lotus
Correct. Padmapani is a prominent Bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism, often depicted holding a lotus flower. The lotus symbolizes purity, spiritual awakening, and compassion. This iconography is widely observed in Buddhist art, including cave paintings like those at Ajanta.
- Vajrapani : Holding a Thunderbolt
Correct. Vajrapani is another significant Bodhisattva, known as the wielder of the Vajra (thunderbolt). The Vajra symbolizes power, strength, and the destruction of ignorance. This attribute is consistently associated with Vajrapani in Buddhist art.
- Mara : Personification of Desire
Correct. Mara is a demonic figure in Buddhist cosmology who attempted to tempt Gautama Buddha and prevent his enlightenment. Mara is often depicted as the personification of desire, attachment, and other defilements that hinder spiritual progress.
- Manushi Buddhas : Associated with Cave 12, Ellora
Correct. Cave 12 at Ellora, also known as Teen Thal, is a three-storeyed Buddhist monastery. It features numerous sculptures, including those of Manushi Buddhas (human Buddhas) and Bodhisattvas. The presence of Manushi Buddhas is a notable characteristic of the Buddhist caves at Ellora.
Key Takeaway
Buddhist iconography assigns specific attributes to deities and figures, such as the lotus for Padmapani and the thunderbolt for Vajrapani, while Mara represents desire, and Manushi Buddhas are depicted in specific cave complexes like Ellora Cave 12.