Correct Option
The correct option is A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
Explanation
The Harappan Civilization is renowned for its standardized craftsmanship and the use of diverse materials for manufacturing tools, ornaments, and utility items. Specific raw materials were chosen for their physical properties to create specialized artifacts found across various sites.
Item-wise Analysis:
- A. Weights - 1. Chert: Exchanges in the Indus Valley Civilization were regulated by a precise system of weights. These weights were usually made of a stone called chert and were generally cubical in shape, with no markings.
- B. Beads - 2. Carnelian: The Harappans demonstrated remarkable skill in bead-making. Carnelian, a beautiful red stone, was a primary material used for making beads, often requiring complex firing and drilling techniques (notably at Chanhudaro and Lothal).
- C. Blades - 3. Stone: The civilization produced a wide variety of tools. While copper and bronze were used, the majority of cutting tools, such as blades, were made from various types of stone (lithic tools).
- D. Spindle Whorls - 4. Terracotta/Faience: Spindle whorls, used for spinning thread, have been found in large numbers at many sites. These were typically made of terracotta or faience.
Key Takeaway:
Harappan material culture is characterized by specific material-artifact associations: Chert for cubical weights, Carnelian for beads, and Terracotta/Faience for spindle whorls.