Correct Option
The correct option is A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
Explanation
This question requires matching historical figures and terms with their approximate time periods, covering the timeline from the Sangam Age through the Kushana and Gupta periods to the age of Harshavardhana.
Detailed Analysis
- A. Kanishka (Matched with 3: 1900 years ago): Kanishka was the most prominent ruler of the Kushana dynasty. He is historically noted for initiating the Saka Era (78 CE) and organizing the Fourth Buddhist Council. His reign dates to approximately 1900 years ago.
- B. Fa Xian (Matched with 4: 1600 years ago): Fa Xian was a Chinese Buddhist pilgrim who visited India to secure authentic Buddhist scriptures. He traveled during the reign of Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya) of the Gupta Empire. His visit occurred roughly between 399 CE and 414 CE, which is approximately 1600 years ago.
- C. Xuan Zang (Matched with 1: 1400 years ago): Xuan Zang (Hiuen Tsang) was a celebrated Chinese traveler and scholar who visited India during the reign of King Harshavardhana. He studied at Nalanda University. His journey took place between 629 CE and 645 CE, which is approximately 1400 years ago.
- D. Muvendar (Matched with 2: 2300 years ago): Muvendar is a Tamil term used in Sangam literature meaning "the three chiefs." It refers to the heads of the three major ruling families of ancient South India: the Cholas, Cheras, and Pandyas. References to these kingdoms appear in Ashokan edicts and early Sangam poetry, dating back to roughly 300 BCE, or 2300 years ago.
Key Takeaway
Chronological Sequence: Sangam Age (Muvendar) → Kushana Empire (Kanishka) → Gupta Empire (Fa Xian) → Pushyabhuti Dynasty/Harsha (Xuan Zang).