The correct option is
A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2
Explanation
The Public Distribution System (PDS) in India has evolved over decades to ensure food security. The system shifted from a general, universal coverage model to a targeted approach to better serve specific vulnerable groups and geographically disadvantaged areas.
Detailed Analysis:
- A. PDS (up to 1992) - Universal coverage (1):
Prior to 1992, the PDS was a general entitlement scheme available to all consumers without any specific targeting based on income or geography. It aimed at universal coverage to stabilize food prices and ensure availability. - B. RPDS (1992) - Backward blocks (3):
The Revamped Public Distribution System (RPDS) was launched in June 1992. It specifically targeted 1,775 identified backward blocks located in drought-prone, desert, tribal, and hilly areas to improve food grain access in difficult terrains. - C. AAY (2000) - Poorest of the poor (4):
The Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) was launched in December 2000. Its objective was to identify one crore of the "poorest of the poor" families from among the Below Poverty Line (BPL) population and provide them with food grains at highly subsidized rates. - D. APS (2000) - Indigent senior citizens (2):
The Annapurna Scheme (APS) was launched in April 2000. It targeted indigent senior citizens who, though eligible for the National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS), were not receiving pension benefits. It provided 10 kg of food grains per month free of cost.
Key Takeaway:
The evolution of food security in India progressed from Universal PDS (general) to RPDS (geographical targeting), followed by TPDS (income-based targeting), and finally specific welfare schemes like AAY and APS for the destitute.