Correct Option
The correct option is A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
Explanation
The 19th-century socio-religious reform movements in India focused on eradicating social evils such as Sati, caste-based discrimination, and the oppression of women. Prominent reformers spearheaded specific campaigns to bring about legislative and social change.
Detailed Analysis
- A. Rammohun Roy (Matches with 3: Sati): Raja Rammohun Roy, often called the "Father of the Indian Renaissance," launched a relentless crusade against the practice of Sati (the burning of widows on their husbands' funeral pyres). His efforts were instrumental in the enactment of the Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829, by Lord William Bentinck, which banned the practice.
- B. Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar (Matches with 2: Widow Remarriage): A profound Sanskrit scholar, Vidyasagar challenged Hindu orthodoxy by citing scriptures to argue that widow remarriage was permissible. His advocacy led to the passing of the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856.
- C. Ghasidas (Matches with 1: Leatherworkers' status): Ghasidas founded the Satnami movement in Central India (present-day Chhattisgarh). He mobilized the leatherworkers (Chamars), a community treated as untouchables, to improve their social status and assert their spiritual equality.
- D. Pandita Ramabai (Matches with 4: Upper-caste widows' misery): A pioneer in women's education and rights, Pandita Ramabai wrote about the miserable lives of upper-caste Hindu women. She established the Sharada Sadan in 1889 to provide shelter and education to young upper-caste widows who had been abandoned or mistreated by their families.
Key Takeaway: Rammohun Roy is associated with the abolition of Sati; Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar with the legalization of widow remarriage; Ghasidas with the Satnami movement for leatherworkers; and Pandita Ramabai with the rehabilitation of upper-caste widows.