The correct Answer is A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
Explanation
This question pertains to terminology associated with Indian art history, specifically focusing on aspects of manuscript preservation, painting techniques, and sculptural canons.
Statement-wise Analysis
- A. Bhandars - 2. Jain monastery libraries
Correct: In the context of Indian art and history, particularly during the medieval period, "Bhandars" refer to collections or repositories, often associated with Jain monasteries, where valuable manuscripts, including illustrated ones, were preserved. These served as libraries.
- B. Patlis - 3. Wooden covers for manuscripts
Correct: "Patlis" are wooden boards used as covers for manuscripts, especially palm-leaf manuscripts, to protect them from damage. This practice was common in various regions of India, including Western India.
- C. Varnikabhanga - 4. Use of brush and colours
Correct: "Varnikabhanga" is one of the six limbs (Shadanga) of Indian painting, as described in ancient texts like the 'Vishnudharmottara Purana'. It refers to the proper application of colours and the use of the brush, encompassing colour differentiation and tonal variations.
- D. Pratima lakshana - 1. Canons of image making
Correct: "Pratima lakshana" refers to the prescribed iconographic rules and proportions for making images (pratimas) of deities and other figures in Indian sculpture and painting. These canons dictate the physical attributes, postures, and symbols of the figures.
Key Takeaway
Understanding specific terminology related to Indian art forms, manuscript preservation, and artistic principles is crucial for comprehending the historical and aesthetic aspects of Indian art.