The correct Answer is A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2
Explanation
This question pertains to terminology associated with early Buddhism and Jainism, as well as social structures prevalent during that period in ancient India. Understanding these terms is crucial for comprehending the religious and social landscape of the time.
Statement-wise Analysis
- A. Theri - 4. Woman who attained liberation
- Correct: The term 'Theri' refers to a senior Buddhist nun who has attained liberation or enlightenment (arahantship). The 'Therigatha' is a collection of poems by such women.
- B. Bhikkhu - 1. One who lives on alms
- Correct: A 'Bhikkhu' is a Buddhist monk, a male renunciant who lives a mendicant life, subsisting on alms (food offerings) from the lay community.
- C. Gahapati - 3. Master of the household
- Correct: 'Gahapati' (Pali) or 'Grihapati' (Sanskrit) refers to the head of a household, a householder, often a wealthy landowner or merchant, who played a significant role in the economic and social life of the period.
- D. Samana - 2. Renouncer
- Correct: 'Samana' (Pali) or 'Shramana' (Sanskrit) is a general term for an ascetic or renunciant, someone who has abandoned worldly life in pursuit of spiritual liberation. This term encompasses Buddhist monks, Jain monks, and other ascetic traditions.
Key Takeaway
Understanding specific terminology related to religious orders (Theri, Bhikkhu, Samana) and social roles (Gahapati) in ancient India is essential for historical and cultural comprehension.