The correct option is A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
Explanation
India's framework for food security and poverty alleviation has evolved over decades, transitioning from welfare-based schemes to a rights-based approach. These initiatives target specific vulnerable demographics to ensure nutritional support, employment, and livelihood security.
Detailed Analysis:
- A. Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) - Matches 3:
Launched in December 2000, the AAY was designed to target the "poorest of the poor" among Below Poverty Line (BPL) families. It aims to ensure food security by providing highly subsidized food grains to the most marginalized households. - B. Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) - Matches 4:
Launched on 2nd October 1975 on an experimental basis, ICDS is a flagship program addressing the health, nutrition, and development needs of children under 6 years, as well as pregnant and lactating mothers. - C. Food-for-Work (FFW) - Matches 1:
The Food-for-Work programme was introduced in 1977–78. Its primary objective was to utilize surplus food stocks to generate rural employment and create community assets. (This is distinct from the National Food for Work Programme launched later in 2004). - D. National Food Security Act (NFSA) - Matches 2:
Enacted in 2013, the NFSA represents a paradigm shift to a rights-based approach. It provides a legal right to subsidized food grains for 75% of the rural population and 50% of the urban population, covering approximately two-thirds of the country's population.
Key Takeaway:
The timeline of India's food security interventions progresses from early experimental schemes like ICDS (1975) and FFW (1977) to targeted schemes like AAY (2000), culminating in the comprehensive legal framework of the National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013.