The correct option is A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
Explanation
During the post-Mauryan period (circa 200 BCE – 300 CE), distinct regional powers emerged across the Indian subcontinent. The Sangam Age in the deep south was characterized by the rule of the "Three Crowned Kings" (Muvendar)-the Cholas, Pandyas, and Cheras. Simultaneously, the Deccan and Western India were under the Satavahanas, while North India saw the dominance of the Kushanas.
Detailed Analysis:
- A. Madurai - Pandyas (2): Madurai was the capital and primary political center of the Pandya kingdom. It is historically significant as the seat of the Tamil Sangam assemblies and a major hub for inland trade and culture.
- B. Puhar - Cholas (1): Puhar (also known as Kaveripattinam) was the port city and an early capital of the Cholas. It was a vital center for maritime trade and is extensively described in Sangam epics like Silappadikaram.
- C. Western India - Satavahanas (3): The Satavahanas (also known as Andhras) established a powerful kingdom in the Deccan. Their political influence extended significantly into Western India, covering parts of present-day Maharashtra, where they controlled key trade routes.
- D. Mathura - Kushanas (4): The Kushana Empire had dual centers of power. While Purushapura (Peshawar) was the western capital, Mathura served as the southern or second capital, functioning as a crucial administrative and artistic center (Mathura School of Art).
Key Takeaway:
Madurai was the seat of the Pandyas; Puhar was the Chola port-capital; the Satavahanas dominated the Deccan and Western India; and Mathura was a strategic capital for the Kushanas.