NCERT Class 12 Geography — Chapter 3: Population : Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition

The correct Answer is

A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1

Explanation

This question pertains to the classification of Indian languages into major language families and their respective sub-branches, as understood in linguistic studies and historical contexts.

Statement-wise Analysis

1. A. Austric (Nishada) - Correct
   The Austric language family in India is primarily represented by the Munda sub-family. The term 'Nishada' is an ancient Indian designation often associated with tribal groups, many of whom spoke Munda languages. Therefore, Austric (Nishada) matches with Munda.
2. B. Dravidian (Dravida) - Correct
   The Dravidian language family is a major linguistic group in India. It is further divided into sub-groups, including South Dravidian, Central Dravidian, and North Dravidian. South-Dravidian is a significant branch within the Dravidian family. Therefore, Dravidian (Dravida) matches with South-Dravidian.
3. C. Sino-Tibetan (Kirata) - Correct
   The Sino-Tibetan language family in India is largely represented by the Tibeto-Burman branch. Within this, Tibeto-Himalayan is a sub-group found in the Himalayan regions. The term 'Kirata' is an ancient Indian designation for people living in the Himalayan and northeastern regions, who predominantly spoke Sino-Tibetan languages. Therefore, Sino-Tibetan (Kirata) matches with Tibeto-Himalayan.
4. D. Indo-European (Aryan) - Correct
   The Indo-European language family in India is primarily represented by the Indo-Aryan branch. The term 'Aryan' is historically associated with the speakers of early Indo-Aryan languages. Therefore, Indo-European (Aryan) matches with Indo-Aryan.

Key Takeaway

The major language families in India (Austric, Dravidian, Sino-Tibetan, Indo-European) are associated with specific linguistic sub-branches and historical ethno-linguistic terms.