Singh Sabha Movement
Explanation
The Singh Sabha Movement was a socio-religious reform movement initiated in the late 19th century to rejuvenate Sikhism, restore its distinct identity, and promote modern education among the Sikh community.
Detailed Analysis:
- Singh Sabha Movement (Correct): The first Singh Sabha was founded in Amritsar in 1873. One of its primary objectives was to counter the proselytizing activities of Christian missionaries and the Arya Samaj by promoting the true tenets of Sikhism and establishing educational institutions. The movement's efforts culminated in the establishment of Khalsa College, Amritsar, in 1892, which aimed to provide modern western education alongside Sikh religious instruction.
- Akali Movement: Also known as the Gurdwara Reform Movement, this began in the 1920s with the specific aim of liberating Gurdwaras from the control of corrupt hereditary mahants. It is historically distinct from the educational initiatives of the late 19th century.
- Ghadar Movement: This was a revolutionary political movement founded in 1913 in North America aimed at securing India's independence through armed rebellion. It was not involved in the establishment of Khalsa College.
- Kuka Movement: Also known as the Namdhari Movement, it was founded in the mid-19th century by Bhagat Jawahar Mal and Baba Ram Singh. It focused on ethical reforms, cow protection, and a boycott of British institutions, rather than the promotion of western-style institutional education.
Key Takeaway: The establishment of Khalsa College, Amritsar (1892) was a landmark achievement of the Singh Sabha Movement, marking the beginning of an educational renaissance in Punjab.