Correct Option
The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
During the Quit India Movement (1942), a significant feature was the emergence of parallel governments (independent governments) in various parts of the country. These local governments replaced British authority for varying durations, establishing their own administration, judicial systems, and police forces.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: A parallel government known as "Prati Sarkar" was established in Satara (Maharashtra). Led by leaders like Y.B. Chavan and Nana Patil, it was the longest-lasting parallel government of the movement, functioning from mid-1943 until 1945. It organized village libraries, Nyayadan Mandals (people's courts), and armed groups like the Toofan Sena.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: In the Midnapore (Medinipur) district of Bengal, specifically in the Tamluk subdivision, a parallel government known as the "Jatiya Sarkar" was formed. It functioned from December 1942 to September 1944. It was highly organized, setting up arbitration courts, relief works for cyclone victims, and an armed militia known as Vidyut Vahini. Therefore, the claim that no parallel government was formed in Medinipur is factually wrong.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The first parallel government during the Quit India Movement was proclaimed in Ballia (East Uttar Pradesh) in August 1942 under the leadership of Chittu Pandey. Although it lasted only for a week, the district collector was forced to hand over power, and all arrested Congress leaders were released.
Key Takeaway
The three most prominent parallel governments formed during the Quit India Movement were:
- Ballia (UP): First to be formed (under Chittu Pandey).
- Tamluk (Bengal): Known for Jatiya Sarkar and Vidyut Vahini.
- Satara (Maharashtra): Longest-lasting (Prati Sarkar).