Weights
Explanation
The Harappan civilization is noted for its standardized system of weights and measures, which played a crucial role in facilitating trade and commerce across its vast geographical extent. The uniformity of these weights suggests a centralized control or a mutual agreement among merchant communities.
Option Analysis
- Weights (Correct): Exchanges in the Harappan civilization were regulated by a precise system of weights. These weights were usually made of a stone called chert (a type of sedimentary rock). They were generally cubical in shape and devoid of any markings. The lower denominations of weights were binary (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, etc.), while the higher denominations followed the decimal system.
- Seals (Incorrect): Harappan seals were predominantly manufactured using steatite, a soft river stone that allowed for intricate carving. While other materials like terracotta and agate were used, chert was not the primary material for seals.
- Beads (Incorrect): Bead-making was a highly developed craft involving materials such as carnelian (a beautiful red stone), jasper, crystal, quartz, and steatite. Metals like copper, bronze, and gold were also used, but chert was not the standard material for beads.
- Drainage pipes (Incorrect): The drainage systems in Harappan cities were constructed primarily using burnt bricks and terracotta pipes. Stone was rarely used for drainage infrastructure.
Key Takeaway: Chert was the specific stone used to manufacture the standardized, cubical weights of the Harappan civilization, which followed a binary system in lower denominations.