The group of Members of Parliament from the majority party who implement laws and run the government.
Explanation
In a democratic system, the Executive organ of the government is classified into two categories: the Political Executive and the Permanent Executive. This distinction is a hallmark of the Parliamentary form of government adopted in India.
Detailed Analysis:
- All elected members of the Parliament. is incorrect: All elected members of the Parliament constitute the Legislature. This includes members from the ruling coalition as well as the opposition. They function as the law-making body but do not all perform executive functions.
- The group of Members of Parliament from the majority party who implement laws and run the government. is correct: The Political Executive consists of the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers. They are typically members of the majority party or coalition in the Parliament. They are elected for a specific tenure and are responsible for framing policies, taking major decisions, and running the government. They remain in power only as long as they command the confidence of the House.
- The permanent civil servants who manage the administration. is incorrect: The permanent civil servants constitute the Permanent Executive. They are appointed on a long-term basis based on merit and remain in office even when the ruling party changes. Their role is to assist the Political Executive in carrying out day-to-day administration.
- The judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts. is incorrect: The judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts constitute the Judiciary, which is an independent organ responsible for interpreting laws and adjudicating disputes, distinct from the Executive.
Key Takeaway:
The Political Executive refers to the elected representatives (Ministers) who exercise supreme political power and are answerable to the Parliament, whereas the Permanent Executive (Civil Servants) implements their decisions.