Correct Option
The correct option is (b).
Explanation
The constitutional definition and status of the Indian Parliament. Article 79 of the Constitution of India defines the composition of the Parliament, while its status as the apex legislative body is derived from the federal distribution of powers.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Assertion (A): Correct
The Parliament is the apex (supreme) legislative body in India. While it is not a sovereign body like the British Parliament (as it is limited by the written Constitution, judicial review, and fundamental rights), it stands at the top of the legislative hierarchy in the country, possessing the power to make laws on Union and Residuary subjects.
- Reason (R): Correct
Article 79 explicitly states that the Parliament of the Union consists of the President and two Houses: the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha). The President is an integral part of the Parliament because a bill does not become an act without their assent.
- Reasoning for the Option
While both statements are factually true, the Reason (R) describes the structure/composition of the Parliament, whereas the Assertion (A) describes its functional status. The fact that Parliament consists of the President and two Houses does not inherently explain why it is the supreme legislative body; its supremacy is derived from the constitutional mandate and the division of powers. Therefore, R is not the correct explanation of A.
Key Takeaway
Article 79 constitutes the Parliament comprising the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha. While Parliament is the highest legislative organ, in India, the Constitution is supreme, not the Parliament.